During gait, fibre lengths for all muscles remained between 0.5 to 1.21 times optimal fibre length, but operated mostly on the ascending limb and plateau of the active force-length curve, a result that parallels previous experimental findings for birds, humans and other species.
Autodesk maya 2015 set joint rotation limits series#
Following this, a series of static simulations over the total range of physiological limb postures were performed, to circumscribe the bounds of possible variation in fibre length. The model was integrated with biplanar fluoroscopy (XROMM) and forceplate data for walking and running, where dynamic optimization was used to estimate muscle excitations and fibre length changes throughout both gaits.
Here, a high-fidelity, 26-degree-of-freedom musculoskeletal model was developed of the hindlimb of a small ground bird, the elegant-crested tinamou ( Eudromia elegans, ~550 g), including all the major muscles of the limb (36 actuators per leg). Computational models and simulations of the musculoskeletal system can partly overcome these limitations, by exploring the dynamics of muscles, tendons and other tissues in a robust and quantitative fashion. However, experimental investigation of muscle function during in vivo activity is typically limited to relatively few muscles in a given system. The arrangement and physiology of muscle fibres can strongly influence musculoskeletal function and whole-organismal performance.
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